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How to Obtain a Social Security Number (SSN) as an F-1 Visa Holder

  • Writer: Tyler Howell
    Tyler Howell
  • Mar 17
  • 3 min read

A Social Security Number (SSN) is required for F-1 students who have secured employment in the U.S. The process varies slightly based on your F-1 status type—whether you are an initial F-1 student, a transfer student, or a Change of Status (COS) student. This guide outlines the step-by-step process and key differences.


 

General Eligibility Requirements

F-1 visa holders are eligible for an SSN only if they have authorized employment, which includes:

  • On-campus employment (up to 20 hours per week during the semester)

  • Curricular Practical Training (CPT)

  • Optional Practical Training (OPT) (must have an approved EAD card)


The Social Security office must confirm the following items. 

  • Age (birth certificate, passport)  

  • Identity (passport)  

  • Immigration Status (I-94, I-20, Valid Passport)  

  • Work Authorization (I-20 with CPT authorization or Employment Authorization Document (EAD) for OPT)  


SSA uses the Systematic Aliens Verification for Entitlement (SAVE) program to confirm immigration status, so you must have an active I-20.  


F1 students cannot obtain social security numbers unless they have a job offer (no exceptions)  


 

Step-by-Step Process to Obtain an SSN


Step 1: Secure Employment

You must have a job offer from an eligible employer before applying for an SSN.

  • On-campus job: A university-affiliated position qualifies.

  • CPT job: Must be approved and listed on your I-20 before applying.

  • OPT job: You need an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) card.


 

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

Prepare the following documents before visiting the Social Security Administration (SSA) office:

For all F-1 students:

  • Valid passport

  • F-1 visa

  • Most recent I-94 (available at https://i94.cbp.dhs.gov) and I-797 to F1 notice if applicable

  • I-20 form (endorsed for CPT or OPT, and EAD card for OPT students)

  • Completed SS-5 form (Application for a Social Security Card) – Download here

  • Employment verification letter (see details below)


Additional documents depending on employment type:

  • On-campus job: A job offer letter from the employer, signed by the Designated School Official (DSO).

  • CPT: I-20 must reflect CPT authorization.

  • OPT: EAD card issued by USCIS.


 

Step 3: Obtain Employment Verification Letter

Your employer must provide a letter on official letterhead containing:

  • Employer’s name, address, and EIN

  • Description of the job position

  • Expected start date

  • Supervisor’s name and contact details


Your school’s Designated School Official (DSO) must also provide a letter verifying your employment eligibility.


 

Step 4: Visit a Local Social Security Office

Find your nearest SSA office at https://www.ssa.gov/locator.

  • No appointment is needed—walk-ins are accepted.

  • The process is free of charge.

  • Be prepared for an in-person interview if required.


Your SEVIS record must be in Active status for at least two days before applying for an SSN. If you have a record in any other status, you will not be successful in applying for an SSN.


 

Step 5: Receive Your SSN

  • The SSA will process your application and mail your SSN card within 2-4 weeks.

  • There is no tracking system for SSN applications, but you can follow up with the SSA office if you do not receive your card in 4 weeks.


 

Differences Based on F-1 Visa Status

F-1 Student Type

Key Differences in SSN Application Process

Initial F-1 Visa Holders

Must be enrolled for at least one semester before applying for an SSN (unless working on campus). Wait 10 days after arriving in the United States before applying for an SSN to allow enough time for your arrival information to update in all government systems.

Transfer Students (Active SEVIS)

If SEVIS remains active, you can apply for an SSN immediately after securing employment. No waiting period is required.

Change of Status (COS) F-1 Holders

Must wait for SEVIS activation and employment authorization. COS students typically face delays because SEVIS activation depends on university reporting.


 

Common FAQs

  • Can I apply for an SSN without a job? No, F-1 students must have authorized employment to apply.

  • Do I need an SSN to start working? No, but you must apply for one immediately after securing a job and provide proof of application to your employer.

  • What if I change jobs? Your SSN does not change. Once issued, it remains valid for life.

  • Can I use my SSN for tax filing? Yes. If you do not qualify for an SSN, you may need an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead.


 

Conclusion

Obtaining an SSN as an F-1 visa holder requires securing employment, gathering the necessary documents, and applying in person at a Social Security office. Initial F-1 students must ensure their SEVIS record is active, while transfer students with an already active SEVIS can apply immediately. Change-of-Status students may experience delays and should coordinate with their DSO.


For further assistance, consult your university’s international student office or visit the Social Security Administration website at www.ssa.gov.


References

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