The CPT Miniseries: Types of CPT: Full-Time vs. Part-Time Explained

When you are approved for Curricular Practical Training (CPT), you must understand that there are two classifications: part-time and full-time. While both provide hands-on work experience in your field of study, the number of hours you work each week—and how long you do it—can impact your F-1 visa status and future immigration benefits, including Optional Practical Training (OPT).

Definitions According to DHS and ICE

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) define CPT work based on the number of hours worked per week:

• Part-Time CPT: 20 hours or less per week.

• Full-Time CPT: More than 20 hours per week.

These definitions are strict and are enforced consistently across SEVP-certified institutions. CPT must be authorized in SEVIS for either part-time or full-time status by your Designated School Official (DSO).

When Can You Use Part-Time or Full-Time CPT?

In general, CPT can only be used after completing one full academic year of study in the United States. However, there is an important exception: if the CPT is a required part of the curriculum and the program mandates practical training from the beginning, students may be eligible to participate in CPT during their first semester.

This is known as integral CPT—when the practical training experience is embedded into the academic program and required from the start. If your program is structured this way, your Designated School Official (DSO) can authorize CPT for you as early as your first semester.

In such programs:

• Part-Time CPT may be used to supplement academic learning during the semester while balancing coursework, especially for students managing a full course load.

• Full-Time CPT may be permitted if it is clearly outlined in the program’s curriculum and justified as necessary from the outset, even during the academic year.

To be eligible for CPT in the first semester, your school must be able to clearly demonstrate that the training is integral to the program and required for all students in that track or concentration. Always confirm with your DSO whether your program meets these criteria before making employment plans.

According to USCIS, if you engage in 12 months or more of full-time CPT, you will lose eligibility for post-completion OPT at that educational level. However, part-time CPT does not affect your OPT eligibility.

Example: If you work full-time CPT every semester for 12 months while completing your master's degree, you may not be eligible for OPT after graduation.

This makes it crucial to carefully plan your CPT participation with your international student advisor and weigh your career objectives against potential OPT restrictions.

Choosing the Right Option

When choosing between part-time and full-time CPT, consider:

• Your academic schedule

• Whether your program includes mandatory full-time training

• How much time can you realistically commit to working

• Long-term goals like OPT, H-1B sponsorship, or green card plans

Summary

CPT is a valuable opportunity, but it comes with rules that can have long-term consequences. Understand the distinction between part-time and full-time CPT, consult your DSO before starting any job, and make decisions aligned with both your academic responsibilities and immigration plans.